C++ File Handling Tutorial

Opening a File

Files can be opened in different modes using the `fstream`, `ifstream`, or `ofstream` classes:

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    ofstream outFile("example.txt");
    if (outFile.is_open()) {
        cout << "File opened successfully for writing." << endl;
        outFile.close();
    } else {
        cout << "Failed to open file." << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
                

Writing to a File

Use the `ofstream` object to write data:

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    ofstream outFile("example.txt");
    if (outFile.is_open()) {
        outFile << "Hello, File Handling in C++!" << endl;
        outFile.close();
    }
    return 0;
}
                

Reading from a File

Use the `ifstream` object to read data:

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    ifstream inFile("example.txt");
    string content;
    if (inFile.is_open()) {
        while (getline(inFile, content)) {
            cout << content << endl;
        }
        inFile.close();
    }
    return 0;
}
                

File Modes

Files can be opened in modes like `ios::app`, `ios::binary`, and `ios::trunc` for specific use cases.

Closing a File

Always close files using the `.close()` method to ensure data integrity.

Best Practices

• Always check if the file is open before performing operations.
• Use exception handling for robust file I/O.