PHP Else Statement

1. Syntax of Else Statement

The basic syntax of an if-else statement is as follows:

if (condition) {
    // Code to execute if condition is true
} else {
    // Code to execute if condition is false
}

Here, if the condition is true, the code inside the if block will execute; otherwise, the code inside the else block will run.

2. Example of Else Statement

Here's a simple example demonstrating the use of the else statement:

$age = 20;

if ($age >= 18) {
    echo "You are eligible to vote.";
} else {
    echo "You are not eligible to vote.";
}

In this example, since the variable $age is 20 (which is greater than 18), the output will be:

You are eligible to vote.

3. Using Else If

You can also use else if to test multiple conditions. The syntax is as follows:

if (condition1) {
    // Code to execute if condition1 is true
} elseif (condition2) {
    // Code to execute if condition2 is true
} else {
    // Code to execute if both conditions are false
}

Here's an example:

$score = 75;
if ($score >= 90) {
    echo "Grade: A";
} elseif ($score >= 80) {
    echo "Grade: B";
} elseif ($score >= 70) {
    echo "Grade: C";
} else {
    echo "Grade: F";
}

For a score of 75, the output will be:

Grade: C

4. Nesting Else Statements

You can nest if-else statements to create complex conditional logic. Here's an example:

$num = 0;
if ($num > 0) {
    echo "$num is positive.";
} else {
    if ($num < 0) {
        echo "$num is negative.";
    } else {
        echo "$num is zero.";
    }
}

The output for this example will be:

0 is zero.

5. Conclusion

The else statement is an essential control structure in PHP, allowing for conditional execution of code based on different scenarios. By utilizing else and else if, you can create dynamic and responsive applications that adapt to user input and conditions.