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OWASP Top 10: Web Application Security Masterclass

94% of web applications contain at least one OWASP Top 10 vulnerability (Verizon 2023 DBIR). This tutorial covers exploitation techniques, real-world case studies, and professional remediation strategies for each critical risk.

OWASP Vulnerability Prevalence (2023)

Broken Access (34%)
Cryptographic Failures (23%)
Injection (20%)
Other (23%)

1. Injection Vulnerabilities

SQL injection workflow

Types:

  • SQLi: Database command injection
  • OS Command: Shell command execution
  • LDAP: Directory service manipulation

Exploitation:

# SQLi UNION attack
' UNION SELECT username, password FROM users--

# SQLmap automation
sqlmap -u "http://test.com?id=1" --dbs

# Command injection
; cat /etc/passwd
        

Enterprise Case:

2017 Equifax breach (CVE-2017-5638) exposed 143M records via SQLi

2. Broken Authentication

Authentication bypass techniques

Attack Vectors:

  • Credential Stuffing: Reused password databases
  • Session Fixation: Cookie manipulation
  • Weak 2FA: SMS/email bypass

Testing Methods:

  • Burp Suite Intruder for brute force
  • OWASP ZAP for session analysis
  • Custom wordlists with Crunch

Remediation:

Implement passwordless auth (WebAuthn) and rate limiting

3. Sensitive Data Exposure

Data leak scenarios

Common Failures:

  • Clear-text Storage: Unencrypted databases
  • Weak Algorithms: MD5, SHA1 hashing
  • Improper Headers: Missing HSTS/CSP

Discovery Tools:

# TLS scan with testssl
testssl.sh -E https://example.com

# Search for exposed data
gitleaks --repo-url=https://github.com/example/repo

# Detect cache headers
curl -I https://example.com | grep -i cache-control
        

GDPR Impact:

Fines up to 4% of global revenue for PII exposure

4. XML External Entities (XXE)

XXE attack flow

Exploitation Methods:

  • File Disclosure: Extract /etc/passwd
  • SSRF: Internal network scanning
  • DoS: Billion laughs attack

Payload Examples:

]>
&xxe;

]>
        

Enterprise Impact:

2017 PayPal XXE vulnerability allowed internal system access

OWASP Top 10 Quick Reference

Rank Vulnerability Test Tool Remediation
A01 Broken Access Burp Suite RBAC Implementation
A02 Cryptographic Failures testssl.sh TLS 1.2+ Enforcement
A03 Injection SQLmap Prepared Statements

5. Emerging Web Threats

API Security

Broken object level authorization

Tool: Postman, Burp Suite

Web3 Vulnerabilities

Smart contract reentrancy

Solution: Slither, MythX

Serverless Attacks

Event injection in Lambda

Defense: Input validation

Web App Hardening Checklist

✓ Implement WAF (ModSecurity, Cloudflare)
✓ Conduct DAST/SAST scans weekly
✓ Enforce CSP headers
✓ Train developers on secure coding

Chief Security Architect Insight: The 2023 OWASP Benchmark shows applications with regular security testing reduce vulnerabilities by 78%. Effective web security requires both automated scanning (DAST/SAST) and manual penetration testing for business logic flaws.

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